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1.
Ethiop. med. j. (Online) ; 57(3): 23-30, 2019. tab
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1262014

ABSTRACT

Background: Puerperal sepsis is the second most frequent cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in resource limited settings and often occurs within the first 42 days after childbirth. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of septicemia, its bacterial isolates, drug susceptibility patterns and associated factors among sepsis suspected women attending delivery at a referral hospital in Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 441 women in the age group 15-49 years at Dilchora hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia from May 1 to July 30, 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured interview questionnaires. Blood was collected aseptically and inoculated into a broth medium and cultured aerobically for 48 hours. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Binary logistic regression was used to test for association. Significant variables were further adjusted using multivariate analysis. Result: The prevalence of septicemia was 12.9% of suspected cases and coagulase negative staphylococcus was found to be the most frequent isolate (28.1%) followed by E. coli (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.5%) and Proteus spp (3.5%). Multiple vaginal examinations and multiple pregnancies were associated with the occurrence of sepsis. Conclusion: The prevalence of septicemia was 12.9%. Coagulase negative staphylococci and E. coli were the predominant bacteria isolated. Most of bacterial isolates were resistant against commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Ethiopia , Prevalence , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Sepsis , Women
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 30(3): 512-517, jul.-sep. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-688055

ABSTRACT

La fiebre puerperal es una enfermedad que asume carácter epidémico en el siglo XVIII como consecuencia de dos factores: las masas trabajadoras urbanas generadas por la revolución industrial, y la progresiva hegemonización y medicalización de la atención del parto en grandes hospitales públicos. La mortalidad materna institucionalizada alcanza cifras superiores al 30%, en tanto con la atención por parteras es menor al 2%. Semmelweis, médico húngaro, postula que los médicos contaminaban a las parturientas por insuficiente higiene luego de realizar necropsias, e implanta medidas profilácticas en el Hospital de Viena, las cuales reducen dramáticamente la mortalidad, pero sus ideas son rechazadas por que afectan el proceso de institucionalización de la medicina basado en el altruismo y honor, por los que supuestamente era imposible que causen daño a sus pacientes. Es obligado a retirarse del Hospital de Viena, y continua su lucha en Budapest, pero el rechazo y la incomprensión de sus colegas por su doctrina afecta su salud mental. Muere en un asilo, pocos años antes que Pasteur y Koch demuestren las bacterias causantes de enfermedades como la fiebre puerperal.


Puerperal fever is a disease that becomes epidemic in the eighteenth century as a result of two factors: the urban working masses generated by the industrial revolution and the progressive hegemonization and medicalization of birth care in large public hospitals. Institutionalized maternal death reached figures above 30%, while in the case of birth care provided by midwives, it was than 2%. Semmelweis, an Hungarian physician, sustained that physicians contaminated women in labor due to insufficient hygiene after performing necropsies and established prophylactic measures in the Vienna Hospital that reduced mortality dramatically. However, his ideas were rejected because they affected the institutionalization process of medicine, based on altruism and honor, which would make it impossible to cause harm to patients. He was forced to leave Vienna Hospital and he continued his struggle in Budapest, but the rejection and disagreement of his peers with his doctrine affected his mental health. He died in an asylum, a few years before Pasteur and Koch proved the existence of the bacteria that caused diseases such as puerperal fever.


Subject(s)
Female , History, 19th Century , Humans , Cross Infection/history , Iatrogenic Disease , Maternal Death/history , Puerperal Infection/history , Cross Infection/mortality , Fever/history , Fever/mortality , Hungary , Iatrogenic Disease/epidemiology , Puerperal Infection/mortality
3.
Cochabamba; s.n; nov. 2011. 89 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LIBOCS, LILACS, LIBOE | ID: biblio-1296149

ABSTRACT

La presencia de infecciones puerperales constituye factores de riesgo importantes, para el curso normal del puerperio ya que pueden presentarse complicaciones graves para el binomio madre- niño. En el presente estudio se identifico “factores de riesgo de infecciones post parto” en mujeres atendidas en el Hospital Materno Infantil Germán Urquidi, en el segundo semestre de la gestión 2010. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y de corte transversal, seleccionando como muestra a la totalidad de mujeres con diagnóstico de infección puerperal, en el segundo semestre de la gestión 2010, aplicándose una guía de registro documental como instrumento. Los resultados reflejan que la frecuencia de infecciones post parto fue de 7%, de un total de 1527 puérperas atendidas en este periodo. Entre las infecciones más frecuentes se destaca la endometritis en un 63%, las características personales de riesgo presentes en un 30% es la edad ya que son adolecentes, 61% con un nivel educativo entre ninguno a primaria, algunas aun se encuentran estudiando, un porcentaje significativo se dedica a labores de casa, 30% son solteras las cuales no cuentan con el apoyo del conyugue. En relación al seguimiento del embarazo, mediante controles prenatales se obtuvo que 26% de las mujeres no realizaron control prenatal y 18% tuvo un parto domiciliario sumando a otro 16% que si bien realizo control prenatal, también culmino su embarazo en domicilio


Subject(s)
Female , Bolivia , Risk Factors , Puerperal Infection/nursing , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Puerperal Infection/prevention & control
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(1): 64-69, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511068

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever os óbitos por doenças infecciosas como causa básica ou múltipla, caracterizando os casos de doença infecciosa preexistente ou desenvolvida na gravidez, aqueles que são mortes maternas por causas obstétricas indiretas e os óbitos por Aids ou outras doenças infecciosas, ocorridos no ciclo gravídico puerperal, havendo dúvidas na classificação. MÉTODOS: Adotou-se a metodologia RAMOS (partindo-se da declaração de óbito -DO- original, dados reais são resgatados por entrevista domiciliar, consultas a prontuários hospitalares e laudos de autopsia; elaborando-se uma nova DO, com as reais causas de morte). População foi constituída pelos óbitos femininos de 10 a 49 anos, de residentes nas capitais brasileiras, do 1º semestre de 2002. As causas foram analisadas em básicas e múltiplas. RESULTADOS: Dos 7.332 óbitos, 917 apresentaram uma doença infecciosa como causa básica (Aids e tuberculose, principalmente). Em 37 casos, a falecida estava no ciclo gravídico puerperal ampliado (englobando, inclusive, mortes ocorridas de 43 dias até um ano pós-parto); 10 não foram classificadas como obstétricas indiretas permanecendo como infecciosas e 14 eram obstétricas indiretas. Quanto às causas múltiplas, para 791 mortes, cujas causas básicas não eram maternas nem infecciosas, houve 1.016 menções de doenças infecciosas (média de 1,28 menção/óbito). CONCLUSÃO: Como o número de mortes maternas é pequeno, recomenda-se, que investigações dos casos graves de complicações da gravidez, parto e puerpério que não faleceram (near-miss) sejam feitas, pois, sendo mais numerosos, representam importante subsídio para estudos da mortalidade materna.


OBJECTIVE: To describe deaths due to infectious diseases as an underlying or multiple cause, identifying cases of pre-existent infectious diseases or ones developed during pregnancy; deaths due to an indirect obstetric cause and deaths due to Aids or other infectious diseases during pregnancy or post-partum, however difficult to classify. METHODS: RAMOS methodology was adopted (by investigation in the household and medical records of the deceased, a new death certificate was filled out with the real causes concerning deaths of women from 10 to 49 years of age, residents in Brazilian capital cities,during the first semester of 2002. RESULTS: A total of 7,332 female cases was analyzed, according to underlying and multiple causes of death, of which 917 were due to infectious diseases (mainly Aids and tuberculosis). In 37 cases, the deceased was pregnant or in an "extended" puerperium (including) post-partum from 43 days up to one year). Of these, 10 were not indirect obstetric deaths, but the underlying cause was an infectious disease and 14 were classified as indirect obstetric deaths. Regarding multiple causes, 791 cases (neither maternal nor infectious disease as underlying cause) generated 1,016 mentions of infectious diseases (1.28 mentions/death). CONCLUSION: As the frequency of maternal deaths is low, investigations on the near miss (severe cases due to complications of pregnancy and puerperium who survived) are recommended, because they occur in larger numbers and are a relevant contribution to studies on maternal mortality.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Obstetric Labor Complications/mortality , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality , Age Distribution , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Maternal Mortality , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/mortality , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Young Adult
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 28(7): 380-387, jul. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-445976

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar as causas de todas as mortes maternas ocorridas no período de 1927 a 2001 entre 164.161 pacientes, internadas no Serviço de Obstetrícia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. MG. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo das 144 mortes maternas que ocorreram na maternidade em 75 anos, com um total de 131.048 nascidos vivos, utilizando todos os prontuários de pacientes, avaliados pela história clínica e dados da certidão de óbito (não foram realizadas necropsias). Foram registrados a idade, paridade, tempo de gestação, complicações, momento e causas de morte, estabelecendo-se o índice de mortalidade materna (IMM) hospitalar por cem mil nascidos vivos. Análise estatística pelo teste do chi2 e pela técnica de amortecimento exponencial (alfa =0,05). RESULTADOS: de 1927 a 1941 o IMM foi de 1544, entre 1942 e 1956 houve redução para 314 (p<0,001) e de 1957 a 1971 decresceu para 76,4 por cem mil nascidos vivos (p<0,001). No entanto, desde 1972 tem se mantido estável (IMM=46 nos últimos 15 anos, p=0,139). As mortes maternas mais freqüentes ocorreram entre 15 e 39 anos, em nulíparas com gestação a termo, e no puerpério imediato (53 por cento). Causas obstétricas diretas foram responsáveis por 79,3 por cento dos casos e indiretas em 20,7 por cento. Analisando as causas de mortes, verificou-se que no primeiro período as causas obstétricas diretas mais freqüentes em ordem decrescente, foram a infecção puerperal, eclampsia e ruptura uterina intraparto; no segundo período, foram a hemorragia pré-parto e eclampsia, e entre 1977 e 2001, as hemorragias, abortos e pré-eclampsia. A análise dos últimos 15 anos mostrou que não houve morte por pré-eclampsia/eclampsia nem infecção puerperal e as principais causas foram hemorragia periparto, aborto e obstétricas indiretas. Relacionando a mortalidade materna por tipo de parto pelo risco relativo associado à cesárea e/ou parto vaginal, verificou-se que, quando a cesárea é indicação inevitável, o risco...


PURPOSE: to evaluate all maternal deaths that occurred between 1927 and 2001, among 164,161 patients admitted to the Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus, the obstetrical service of the "Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora", Brazil. METHODS: a retrospective study of 144 maternal deaths that occurred in the maternity hospital in 75 years, with 131,048 live births in the same period of time, analyzing all patients's records regarding their clinical history and data from death certificates. Autopsies were not performed. Data obtained were age, parity, gestation length, complications, moment, and causes of death. The index of maternal mortality (IMM) period 100 thousand live births was utilized. For statistical analysis the chi2 test and the exponential smoothing technique were used (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: IMM decreased from 1544 in the period 1927-1941 to 314 (p<0.001) between 1942 and 1956 and from 1957 to 1971 it was reduced to 76.4 per 100 thousand live births (p<0.001). Nevertheless, since 1972 there was no further significant improvement (IMM=46 in the last 15 years, p=0.139). Maternal mortality was more frequent in the 15 to 39 years age group, in nulliparous patients with term pregnancies and mostly in the immediate postpartum period (53 percent). Direct obstetric causes occurred in 79.3 percent and indirect causes in 20.7 percent of the cases. Analyzing the evolution of the causes of death, it was found that in the first period of time the most frequent direct obstetric causes in descending order were puerperal infection, eclampsia and uterine rupture, while in the second period they were prepartum hemorrhage and eclampsia, and from 1977 to 2001 hemorrhage, abortion and preeclampsia. Analysis of the past 15 years showed the absence of maternal deaths by either preeclampsia or puerperal infection and the main causes were peripartum hemorrhage, abortion and indirect obstetrical causes. Relating maternal mortality to the type of delivery...


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Abortion , Eclampsia/mortality , Hemorrhage/mortality , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Maternal Mortality , Pre-Eclampsia/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Teaching
8.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 12(4): 650-657, jul.-ago. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-382956

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou a observação como técnica para coleta de dados, tendo como guia um instrumento elaborado a partir de postulados de Florence Nightingale e Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis: poder vital/vida e prevenção/contágio. Registra breve histórico sobre o controle de infecções, destacando o enfoque prevenção/contágio. Discorre sobre o postulado poder vital/vida, apresentando e discutindo os componentes da assistência de Enfermagem dele decorrentes para o desenvolvimento da assistência. Recomenda que se considere articuladamente as vertentes - Poder Vital/Vida e Prevenção/Contágio - como estratégias para a evitabilidade das infecções


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Nursing Care , Puerperal Infection , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Maternal Mortality , Maternal Welfare , Infection Control , Puerperal Infection/nursing
10.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 12(3): 130-134, jul.-set. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-324825

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de uma revisao a respeito da mortalidade materna e infeccao puerperal. Sao abordadas formas clinicas desta ultima:endomitrite, parametrite, anexite, tromboflebite pelvica, fasciite e peritonite. Nas diferentes formas clinicas sao...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Maternal Mortality , Prenatal Care/methods , Risk Factors
11.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 12(3): 135-141, jul.-set. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-324826

ABSTRACT

As sindromes hemorragicas sao uma das principais causas de mortalidade materna. Sua classificacao pode ser feita conforme a fase do clico gravidico-puerperal em que ocorre. No periodo pre-parto, destacam-se o deslocamento...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Postpartum Hemorrhage/complications , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Maternal Mortality , Pregnancy Complications , Prenatal Care , Risk Factors
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 64(4): 319-322, Abr. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319685

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To report the intra-hospitalar and late follow-up of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) acquired in the pregnancy or puerperium. METHODS--Eleven patients, between 1984-1992 according to the beginning of the IE episode (fever and other signals) were studied. Patients were divided in two groups: IE of pregnancy (7 cases), and puerperal IE (4 cases). RESULTS--In the pregnancy IE group, mitral valve was affected in 6 (85), and aortic valve in 1 (15). During the course of the treatment, two patients had to be operated on, respectively, in the 24th and 28th week of the pregnancy. The 1st one had a successfully mitral valve replacement by a biological prosthesis but 48 h later she aborted, and the 2nd presented neurological complication (intracerebral hemorrhage) in the immediate post-operative period of a successfully mitral valve replacement by biological prosthesis. She was undergone to a cesarean but the fetus remained alive for 24 h only. If we look at the newborns (fetus), only 4 of them survived. Out of 3 fetal deaths, 2 had close association with mother cardiac surgeries. In the pregnant period acquired IE, 3 (47) mothers died. In the puerperium group, 2 mitral valves and 2 aortic valves had IE. Two of them had to be operated on due to an important aortic regurgitation and cardiac failure. There were no deaths in this group. CONCLUSION--During pregnancy, IE showed a high morbi-mortality for mother and concept. The mother's neurological complications played a major role in the poor outcome during the pregnancy period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Endocarditis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology , Puerperal Infection/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Endocarditis , Fetal Death , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Puerperal Infection/surgery , Prognosis
13.
J. bras. ginecol ; 103(5): 159-62, maio 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-174340

ABSTRACT

Com o intuito de estabelecer a real necessidade do uso de antibióticos em cesariana, foram estudados 339 pacientes submetidas a essa operaçåo. Destas, 212 pacientes receberam antibióticos por 7 dias, 45 por 24 horas e 82 nåo receberam qualquer droga antimicrobiana. Os resultados revelam que nåo houve diferença significativa na incidência de infecçåo puerperal e morbidade febril pós-cesariana nos três grupos estudados, ocorrendo apenas maior incidência de infecçåo urinária e de parede nas pacientes que nåo receberam antibióticos.Os autores concluem que a operaçåo cesariana nåo é motivo para indicaçåo absoluta de antibioticoterapia profilática e que as complicaçöes infecciosas que ocorreram em maior proporçåo no grupo que nåo utilizou essa medicaçåo podem ser tratadas após seu aparecimento


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Fever/prevention & control , Puerperal Infection/etiology , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Puerperal Infection/prevention & control , Puerperal Infection/therapy , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , Cephalothin/therapeutic use , Morbidity
14.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1991 Dec; 89(12): 336-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-96570

ABSTRACT

Fifty cases of puerperal tetanus were studied. It constituted 6.66% of total cases of tetanus with overall mortality of 52% which was higher in cases with incubation period of 14 days or less, period of onset 48 hours or less, higher grades, cases with temperature more than 37.7 degrees C and patients with respiratory complications. Significantly higher mortality rate after 48 hours signifies the need of effective local control of infection to improve prognosis. Prevention, early detection and prompt treatment of respiratory complications which is the main cause of death may further reduce mortality rate in these patients.


Subject(s)
Female , Fever/etiology , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , India/epidemiology , Muscle Relaxants, Central/therapeutic use , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Tetanus/mortality , Tetanus Antitoxin/therapeutic use , Time Factors
15.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 7(1): 22-4, jan.-fev. 1985. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-40804

ABSTRACT

O estudo versa sobre as causas de 15 óbitos maternos havidos na Maternidade da Encruzilhada, entre os anos de l980 e 1983. Quando a resoluçäo da gravidez se deu pela via abdominal, o obituário foi 5,46 vezes mais freqüente do que quando a parturiçäo se verificou pelas vias naturais; e quando a anestesia utilizada foi a geral, o obituário foi 35,7 vezes mais freqüente do que quando o bloqueio foi a anestesia de escolha. Maior número de óbitos ocorreu no puerpério do que no ciclo gestatório. As quatro causas de óbito foram infecçäo, hemorragia, toxemia e anestesia


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Postpartum Hemorrhage/mortality , Puerperal Infection/mortality , Maternal Mortality , Pre-Eclampsia/mortality , Brazil
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